Day 11: Advanced Python Functions

1 Default Parameters 🎯

💡Learn: Set default values for parameters!

def greet(name, greeting="Hello"):

If no greeting is provided, "Hello" is used!

# Default parameters make functions flexible!
def greet(name, greeting="Hello"):
    print(greeting, name + "!")

# Call with both parameters
greet("Alice", "Hi")
greet("Bob", "Hey")

print("---")

# Call with just one - uses default!
greet("Charlie")
greet("Diana")

print("---")

# Another example
def power(base, exponent=2):
    result = base ** exponent
    return result

print("5 squared:", power(5))
print("5 cubed:", power(5, 3))
print("2 to the 4th:", power(2, 4))
print("10 squared:", power(10))

✨Magic! Default parameters make your functions easier to use!

2 Returning Multiple Values 📦

🎁Learn: Functions can return multiple things at once!

# Return multiple values as a tuple
def get_stats(numbers):
    total = sum(numbers)
    count = len(numbers)
    average = total / count
    return total, count, average

# Get all three values!
scores = [85, 92, 78, 90, 88]
total, count, avg = get_stats(scores)

print("Total:", total)
print("Count:", count)
print("Average:", avg)

print("---")

# Another example
def min_max(numbers):
    return min(numbers), max(numbers)

nums = [5, 12, 3, 18, 7]
minimum, maximum = min_max(nums)

print("Numbers:", nums)
print("Minimum:", minimum)
print("Maximum:", maximum)

print("---")

# Rectangle calculator
def rectangle_info(width, height):
    area = width * height
    perimeter = 2 * (width + height)
    return area, perimeter

a, p = rectangle_info(5, 3)
print("Area:", a)
print("Perimeter:", p)

💫Cool! Return multiple values separated by commas!

3 Variable-Length Arguments 📚

🌟Learn: *args lets you pass any number of arguments!

# *args collects all arguments into a tuple
def add_all(*numbers):
    total = 0
    for num in numbers:
        total = total + num
    return total

# Works with any number of arguments!
print("Add 2 numbers:", add_all(5, 3))
print("Add 3 numbers:", add_all(10, 20, 30))
print("Add 5 numbers:", add_all(1, 2, 3, 4, 5))

print("---")

# Find maximum of any numbers
def find_max(*numbers):
    if len(numbers) == 0:
        return None
    
    maximum = numbers[0]
    for num in numbers:
        if num > maximum:
            maximum = num
    return maximum

print("Max of 3:", find_max(15, 8, 23))
print("Max of 5:", find_max(7, 12, 4, 19, 3))

print("---")

# Combine with regular parameters
def greet_all(greeting, *names):
    for name in names:
        print(greeting, name + "!")

greet_all("Hello", "Alice", "Bob", "Charlie")

🎯Pro tip: *args is perfect when you don't know how many values you'll get!

4 Lambda Functions 🔥

⚡Learn: Lambda creates tiny, one-line functions!

lambda x: x * 2

A function that doubles a number!

# Normal function
def square(x):
    return x * x

print("Square of 5:", square(5))

print("---")

# Lambda function (same thing!)
square_lambda = lambda x: x * x
print("Lambda square of 5:", square_lambda(5))

print("---")

# Lambda with multiple parameters
add = lambda a, b: a + b
multiply = lambda a, b: a * b

print("10 + 5 =", add(10, 5))
print("10 * 5 =", multiply(10, 5))

print("---")

# Using lambda with sorted
numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1, 9]
sorted_nums = sorted(numbers)
print("Sorted:", sorted_nums)

# Sort in reverse
reverse_sorted = sorted(numbers, reverse=True)
print("Reverse:", reverse_sorted)

💡When to use: Lambda for quick, simple operations. Regular def for complex logic!

5 Calculator Pro! 🧮

🎓Build: Advanced calculator with multiple operations!

# Calculator with default operation
def calculate(a, b, operation="add"):
    if operation == "add":
        return a + b
    elif operation == "subtract":
        return a - b
    elif operation == "multiply":
        return a * b
    elif operation == "divide":
        if b != 0:
            return a / b
        else:
            return "Cannot divide by zero!"
    else:
        return "Unknown operation"

# Advanced calculator with multiple returns
def advanced_calc(a, b):
    add_result = a + b
    sub_result = a - b
    mul_result = a * b
    if b != 0:
        div_result = a / b
    else:
        div_result = "Error"
    return add_result, sub_result, mul_result, div_result

print("=== CALCULATOR PRO ===")

num1 = input("Enter first number: ")
num1 = int(num1)

num2 = input("Enter second number: ")
num2 = int(num2)

print("---")
print("Basic Operations:")
print("Add:", calculate(num1, num2))
print("Subtract:", calculate(num1, num2, "subtract"))
print("Multiply:", calculate(num1, num2, "multiply"))
print("Divide:", calculate(num1, num2, "divide"))

print("---")
print("All at once:")
add, sub, mul, div = advanced_calc(num1, num2)
print("Sum:", add)
print("Difference:", sub)
print("Product:", mul)
print("Quotient:", div)

🌟Try: 20 and 4 for clean results! Or 10 and 3 for decimals!

6 Student Manager Pro! 📊

🏆Final Project: Manage students with advanced functions!

# Get statistics with multiple returns
def get_grade_stats(*grades):
    if len(grades) == 0:
        return 0, 0, 0
    
    total = sum(grades)
    count = len(grades)
    average = total / count
    highest = max(grades)
    lowest = min(grades)
    return average, highest, lowest

# Get letter grade with default passing score
def get_letter(score, passing=60):
    if score >= 90:
        grade = "A"
    elif score >= 80:
        grade = "B"
    elif score >= 70:
        grade = "C"
    elif score >= passing:
        grade = "D"
    else:
        grade = "F"
    if score >= passing:
        status = "PASS" 
    else: 
        status = "FAIL"
    return grade, status

print("=== STUDENT MANAGER PRO ===")

name = input("Student name: ")

score1 = input("Score 1: ")
score1 = int(score1)

score2 = input("Score 2: ")
score2 = int(score2)

score3 = input("Score 3: ")
score3 = int(score3)

score4 = input("Score 4: ")
score4 = int(score4)

print("---")
print("Student:", name)
print("Scores:", score1, score2, score3, score4)

avg, high, low = get_grade_stats(score1, score2, score3, score4)

print("---")
print("Average:", round(avg, 1))
print("Highest:", high)
print("Lowest:", low)

letter, status = get_letter(avg)
print("Grade:", letter)
print("Status:", status)

if status == "PASS":
    print("✅ Great job!")

if status == "FAIL":
    print("❌ Keep studying!")

🎯Try: Alice with 88, 92, 85, 90 for an A! Or test with lower scores!

🚀 Advanced Functions - Day 11

1 Default Parameters 🎯

2 Returning Multiple Values 📦

3 Variable-Length Arguments 📚

4 Lambda Functions 🔥

5 Calculator Pro! 🧮

6 Student Manager Pro! 📊

🎉 You're an Advanced Function Expert! 🎉